Physiotherapist working with a patient with shoulder instability.

Shoulder Instability

Shoulder instability occurs when the head of the humerus moves excessively or dislocates from the shoulder socket. It can result from trauma, repetitive strain, or underlying joint laxity.

Quick Facts

  • Condition: Excessive motion or dislocation of the shoulder joint.
  • Symptoms: Pain, repeated dislocations, weakness.
  • Causes: Trauma, joint laxity, overuse injuries.
  • Treatments: Rehabilitation, bracing, surgical stabilisation.
  • Rehabilitation focus: Strengthen stabilising muscles, restore joint control.

Anatomy & Condition

The shoulder is a ball-and-socket joint with a wide range of motion, making it inherently prone to instability. The labrum, ligaments, and rotator cuff muscles provide essential support.

Symptoms & Causes

Patients may experience pain, a sensation of the shoulder slipping out of place, or recurrent dislocations. Common causes include traumatic injury, ligament laxity, or repetitive overhead motions.

Treatment & Recovery

Non-surgical treatments focus on strengthening the shoulder’s stabilising muscles. In severe cases, surgical interventions like labral repair or capsular tightening may be necessary.

FAQ

What sports increase the risk of shoulder instability?

Sports involving overhead movements, like swimming or tennis, pose a higher risk.

Can instability be cured without surgery?

Many cases improve with targeted physiotherapy and strengthening exercises.

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